Type of Resource: Twig galls may kill individual limbs and sometimes the whole tree. Hardy to USDA Zone 6 Native to western British Columbia, Washington, Oregon … Adults emerge in the spring. Like many other oaks, they also occasionally form large galls, as wide as 5 cm or more. Title: Oak galls. 2. These so-called 'oak apples' are in response to the placement of the eggs of a specific wasp on the midrib of leaves. They are unsightly brown balls that grow from a branch or look like hanging fruit. Oak galls are not aesthetically pleasing on your tree. There are also certain moth larvae for which the oak is the only food source. Oak apple or oak gall is the common name for a large, round, vaguely apple-like gall commonly found on many species of oak. The culprit is the Cynipid wasp, a tiny member of the Vespidae family that lays its eggs on oak tree leaves. Oak apples range in size from 2 to 4 centimetres (1 to 2 in) in diameter and are caused by chemicals injected by the larva of certain kinds of gall wasp in … This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. Andricus kollari, also known as the marble gall, is a parthenogenetic species of wasp which causes the formation of marble galls on oak trees. Oak marble galls are caused by another gall wasp, this time Andricus kollari. One female wasp can emerge from each horn. The first stage is a blister-like leaf gall that occurs along larger leaf veins. These small BB-sized galls easily fall off the plant and bounce around, giving the appearance of the gall … The second stage is a knotty twig gall that is started in mid-summer and becomes fully mature in 1 to 2 years. What is meant by this is that in the early spring the wasps emerge from the woody stem galls, and the females oviposit in the swelling buds of the host tree. Both oak galls look similar — the difference being that gouty oak gall bark is smooth, while horned oak gall bark has small horns that extend around the gall. The galls develop over the winter and can be seen in March and April. The marble gall is found on pendunculate oaks. Title: August 2017. The marble gall is a wasp species that lay their eggs to mature on twigs of scrub oak. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes. Synonyms for the species include Cynips kollari, Andricus quercusgemmae, A. minor, A. indigenus and A. circulans.. Confusingly, the term "marble gall" is used to describe both the species of wasp and the gall it causes. Oak marble gall. Name(s): Oregon Forest Health Program,, issuing body. Gall development is a reaction by the plant tissue to feeding or egg laying by various mites and insects. Gouty oak twig galls are smooth; hormed oak galls have horn-like projections. Marble galls only contain the larvae of one female wasp, which then lays its eggs in the buds of the Turkey oak. While most galls do not seriously harm oak trees, most are unsightly and detract from the beauty of the tree. In addition to the large golf-ball-sized gall on oak, there is a smaller oak gall that is called the jumping oak gall. The wasp was intentionally introduced from the Mediterranean in the 1800s because its galls have a high tannin content, which was useful for tanning leather and dyeing cloth. Many different galls can develop on the same kinds of plants. So the native Quercus is truly a full-spectrum habitat plant! The tiny gall wasp (Cynips maculipennis) is responsible for the small galls that sometimes appear on the underside of the tree's leaves, but they do not seem to negatively impact the health of the tree itself. The species of cynipid gall wasps that cause horned/gouty oak galls (the large, woody stem galls often found on pin oak) have what is called an ‘alternating generations’ biology.
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